Handbook
Bricks are mostly fired without specific firing energy. So, due to long firing times, there are not enough air gaps, resulting in energy consumption and poor health. Brick quality and appearance is not good due to poor soil preparation, a worn press machine and contamination from to drying on dirty ground. Relevant data on energy use in brick making has not been collected, so, there are...
Institutional stoves are used where larger amounts of food than can be accommodated on a standard kitchen stove can be cooked. Typical examples are schools, hospitals, prisons and other institutions. Institutional stoves are also used in refugee camps, particularly in the early stages when large influxes of people require food urgently. Institutional stoves have an important socio-economic...
The water pumping system has a long history and many methods have been adopted to pump water with minimum effort. A variety of water pumping systems have been developed such as human energy, animal power, hydro-power, wind, solar and fossil fuel generators to pump water. Among these systems solar PV is an efficient option because of its low maintenance, unattended operation, easy installation...
The good news is that it is possible to breathe fresh air at the same time as cooking – using a solar cooker. Solar cooking produces no smoke at all.
In the past, the main reason for people adopting solar cooking was to reduce the environmental degradation caused by using too much fuel wood. More recently, respiratory diseases caused by toxic smoke from cooking fires have...
Most community forest management in developing countries involves management of natural forests that would otherwise be degraded or deforested and producing carbon emissions. When communities participate in forest management in forests in their vicinity, they generally halt or reduce the rate of deforestation and degradation, and they allow the forest to regenerate.
The...
Climate scientists agree that the world’s climate is changing. The effects of global climate change will pose many challenges to the environment, economies, and communities of both California and Nevada over the coming decades. For example, by mid-century spring snowpack in the Sierra Nevada is projected to decline by 25 to 40 percent. Toward the end of the century, losses could reach 75...
Limes are often grown in abundance in tropical and sub tropical countries. Their seasonal availability gives rise to gluts in the market, which means that growers do not get the full reward for their labours. Fresh limes are perishable items. It is often difficult to get them to the fruit market in a state where they still fetch a good price. Making the limes into lime...
The production of traditional lime marmalade is perfectly feasible and the general principles for jam making apply. Lime however, does present one unusual problem owing to its very high acidity. It will have been noted that the pH of a preserve has to lie between 3.0 and 3.3 in order to obtain a good stable gel (or 'set'). Most fruits lie in this pH range. Those above 3.3 require...
This guide is an evaluation or presentation of what takes place in terms of sustainable development in ski resorts in 80 French ski resorts and 10 international resorts.
The evaluation is based on 40 scientific and measurable criteria. A simple pictogram is associated to each criteria, enabling the client, tourist, tour operator, ski resort professional etc. to easily identfiy...
This Technical Brief describes a manufacturing system capable of producing up to 250 bottles (26oz each) of lime juice cordial per day using simple, comparatively low-cost equipment.
Lime juice cordial is a crystal clear product, normally sweetened with sugar, which is diluted to taste on serving. The product is preserved with sulphur dioxide (SO2) which also protects it against colour...
Pages
