water resources

The South Lake Tahoe Monitoring Project, a volunteer water quality monitoring effort coordinated by the Sierra Nevada Alliance, tested pollution levels in creeks and rivers. 2008 was the first field season for the group of trained citizen-monitors.  Volunteers checked for polluted water in local creeks and rivers by collecting data which evaluates the health of water bodies in the Upper...

The Sierra Nevada Alliance developed a set of surveys, conducted over six weeks’ time in December 2004 and January 2005, to assess the capacity and organisational needs of watershed groups in the Sierra. The surveys were designed to assess groups in three different categories, Alliance members, Sierra land use groups and Sierra watershed organisations. This report focuses on the Sierra...

The report shows that climate variability can have a real and lasting impact on how people manage their water resources and that the dynamics of changing patterns of water availability have knock-on effects that reach far beyond just water. Traditional cultural norms, agricultural methods and wider livelihood approaches are also affected.

Despite the challenges faced, communities have...

Much of El Salvador's crop production is in mountainous areas with gradients over 15%. The main crops are shade-grown coffee, sugar cane, citrus and other fruit trees, and staples for local consumption, including maize, beans, rice, and sorghum. The latter are produced on small-scale subsistence farms in mountainous zones (0.3–2 ha per farmer) characterised by intensive use...

Lauca National Park forms a unique area of puna and prepuna ecosystems in the high Altiplano of northeastern Chile. Its extensive puna steppe shrublands lying above 4,000 m and high volcanoes reaching above 6,000 m provide some of many strong justifications for its designation as a UNESCO International Biosphere Reserve in 1983. The park also contains Lago Chungará, one of the highest...
The Mount Kenya region offers a great deal of beautiful scenery and attracts tourists from all over the world. What these tourists may not see, however, is the crucial function of Mount Kenya as a water tower for its footzones and adjoining lowland areas. This function is becoming ever more crucial, as populations in these areas are growing at a rapid pace and new land use systems require far...
The catchment area of the Nile—the longest river in the world at 6695 km—links 10 African countries: Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, and Tanzania. A treaty regulating water use was signed in 1929 (revised in 1959) between Egypt and Sudan, which greatly favors Egypt. But more and more water is being claimed by countries...
In Thailand water is widely perceived as an open access resource. It is also common belief that organisation of highland irrigation in northern Thailand is characterised by a relatively simple structure, and that local communities are not able to adjust their management practices to new realities. The existence of diverse forms of control, ownership and rights of use relating to water...

Mountains play a crucial role in the supply of freshwater to humankind, in highland and lowland areas alike. Increasing demand urgently requires careful management of mountain water resources in order to mitigate growing water crises and conflicts. Monitored river flow was analyzed for three selected catchments (Timau, Burguret, and Likii) on the slopes of Mount Kenya from 1960 to 2004....

In the past decade, water shortage on the western and northern slopes of Mount Kenya and particularly in the adjoining lowland areas has reached a severity not experienced before. Rapid population growth and rising demand for irrigation are increasing the pressure on water resources, as can be demonstrated by an inventory of water abstractions from the Naro Moru River. A total of 98...

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