natural resources
Older legal instruments and court decisions employ patterns of English language usage that are in many cases archaic, particularly with respect to hyphenation. In the interest of authenticity, this usage has been retained in the titles of all materials reviewed and discussed in this volume. Similarly, in older laws and rulings, the names of the provinces of Balochistan and Sindh are written...
Equitable distribution of the costs and benefits associated with conservation is a key issue within natural resources management. Trends show increasing environmental degradation and social and economic inequalities within and among households, communities and nations. Poverty and environmental degradation are linked to decision-making processes that are socially exclusive and based on an...
The number and area of nature reserves in China have increased significantly in the last 2 decades. This massive increase has not been matched by a corresponding enhancement of management inputs and capabilities. Six major problems in protected area (PA) management are identified in this article: selection of unsuitable sites for conservation, shortage of funding, rising people–park...
Water scarcity is a serious problem in Koppal, a semi-arid district with barren rocky hills in northern Karnataka, India. The hills were denuded of forests and trees in the past. Resource depletion continues to occur because of rock blasting and stone cutting. This has led to low groundwater recharge, a problem further aggravated by the digging of bore wells to a depth at which only saline...
This study documents the situation of women as members of a workforce with a special focus on the tourism industry in Uttaranchal. Although Garhwali women constitute almost 50% of the region’s population and have a relatively high rate of literacy, the tourism industry displays significant horizontal and vertical gender segregation in the labour market. This paper identifies the...
Nepal is a country that is natural resource rich and economically poor. Nepal Water for Health (NEWAH), a non-governmental organisation working in the water sector, is attempting to improve its programmes to incorporate women and the poor in order to provide social and economic opportunities for all. This gender and poverty approach, still in its early childhood, is already showing signs of...
The conversion of natural forests to pasture is a major driver of biodiversity loss and land degradation in Latin America. Expansion of livestock production continues to put pressure on remaining forested areas while decreasing the productive capacity of these landscapes.
The Matiguás–Río Blanco area in Nicaragua is located in a biological corridor. It harbours...
Climate change affects poor people in particular, because of their weak adaptive capacities. Development projects of all kinds can strengthen or weaken those capacities and at the same time, they can influence greenhouse gas emissions. It is therefore important to evaluate the impacts of development projects on adaptive capacities and climate change mitigation. This process is called climate...
The mountain areas of Latin America and the Caribbean occupy a substantial proportion of the Region and include significant segments of the population, including indigenous and cultural groups whose stability depends on the rational management of natural resources. The conservation of these areas has an impact on the quality of local, national and global environments and, in many cases, on the...
Traditional knowledge, community rights and access to benefit sharing of biological resources are emerging Issues after Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) entered into force. This paper highlights legal system of access to benefit sharing in CBD and efforts made so far to protect traditional knowledge by the legal documentation of biological resources and traditional knowledge associated...
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