management
This article examines the judgments of staff from protected area agencies responsible for managing tourism and its environmental impacts in the largest area of snow country in Australia. In surveys, staff identified as having major responsibility for tourism management in the Australian Alps protected areas consider that tourism has important negative environmental impacts; the impacts of ski...
The town of Nakuru — Kenya’s fourth largest town — lies in a unique setting in the Great Rift Valley. Recent developments on the Menengai Crater, the Mau Escarpment, and the Bahati Highlands exemplify the impacts of poorly planned urban growth on mountain ecosystems. The Nakuru Local Urban Observatory (LUO) project was initiated by the Municipal Council of Nakuru in January...
This paper examines the performance of an adaptive collaborative management approach (ACM) to increasing poor people's access to, rights and benefits from a community-based nonwood forest product (NWFP) network enterprise in the Eastern Hills of Nepal. This network has rights over some 2,000 hectares of community forests and more than 1,346 member households. It had existed for two-and-a-half...
This paper explores the dilemma of protected area buffer zone forest management, particularly in dealing with market roles that could contribute to poverty reduction. Examining Nepal’s buffer zone programme, the paper shows how the reluctance to embrace the role of markets has undermined the poverty-reduction potential of buffer zone forests. It is revealed that conservationists’...
Policies, practices, and discourses on forest management in developing countries have largely concentrated on shifting property rights from the state to community regimes. The “state to community” approach has often been glorified as a panacea to poverty reduction in national and global development frameworks such as gross domestic product and contribution to Millennium Development...
Despite the growing popularity of community-based approaches to forest management, there are limited cases in which benefits and costs are shared equitably. One of the reasons for this situation is that decisions within community-based forest management (CBFM) regimes are dominated by local elites. This is especially true in the context of Nepal where society is stratified into different...
It is well known that forest resources contribute to the livelihoods of many rural people throughout the world. An estimated 1.2 billion people rely on forests for some part of their livelihoods, while 350 million people are highly forest dependent and 60 million completely depend on forests for their livelihoods.
It is increasingly argued that forests can be a resource for...
The introduction of Participatory Forestry Management (PFM) in Kenya from 1997 has led to the formation of community-based organizations which have come to be referred to as Community Forest Associations (CFAs). Most of the CFAs are preparing to enter into forest management agreements with the Kenya Forest Service (KFS). This will confer management roles to the community with the KFS retaining...
Freshwater scarcity ranks among the most urgent environmental challenges of this century. To improve water management and measure the achievement of internationally agreed goals on water and sanitation, countries and organisations need access to relevant information.
The data and analyses presented in Water Quality for Ecosystem and Human Health are from GEMStat, the global water...
In 1987 the World Commission on Environment and Development (Brundtland Commission) warned in the final report, Our Common Future, that water was being polluted and water supplies were overused in many parts of the world. This chapter assesses the state of the water environment since the mid-1980s, and its impacts on human well-being with respect to human health, food security, human security...
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