management
As water resources become increasingly scarce in Africa, the need for the use of economics to aid in decision-making and management becomes apparent. Global experience shows that economic approaches may achieve the best results. Water is the basis of the economy as well as essential for human life and biodiversity. The Pangani River Basin in north-eastern Tanzania provides a good starting...
This study investigates the extent to which communities have been provided with economic incentives to become involved in sustainable forest management in Eastern and Southern Africa. The study has a number of clear findings:
- If communities are to be willing, and economically able, to involve themselves in sustainable forest management they must receive...
Human wellbeing depends on the capacity of the earth’s natural systems to provide ecosystem goods and services. We rely on ecosystem services1 to provide the basics of life - food, water, shelter, clothing and clean air – and to regulate our climate, to pollinate our crops and to inspire our societies and cultures. Yet, at the same time, the biological diversity that delivers these...
Management effectiveness evaluation is defined as the assessment of how well protected areas are being managed – primarily the extent to which management is protecting values and achieving goals and objectives. The term management effectiveness reflects three main ‘themes’ in protected area management:
- design issues relating to both...
The article is on Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) carbon forestry projects in the Philippines for land management, adaptation to climate variability to secure food sources, and securing additional income for local community. The Tanay Rehabilitation Carbon Project of Laguna de Bay Community Wastershed has been under development for more than three years. The design and implementation of this...
To address the problem of animal waste in Hoa Binh Province of North Viet Nam, a PES-like scheme for pig farmers has been developed since 2006. Biogas technology is promoted to manage liquid waste, control odours, and to improve well beings. The use of biodigesters will compel farmers to change farming system and result in provision of environmental services and increased...
The Loktak RUPES II initiative in Manipur, India was launched to promote sustainable water management for ecological restoration and poverty alleviation. Total annual benefits from the lake in 2006-2007 were assessed at Rs 600 million, indicating a significant underestimation of the contribution of Loktak Lake to the regional economy. Actual cost of hydropower generation is 400% more than...
This article focuses on a PES pilot on tourism in the Jigme Singye Wangchuk National Park of Bhutan in 2006. A Village Development Fund (VDF) was set up by collecting campsite fees which was used to pay for community development and activities as alternative energy sources, compensation for damage of harvest by wildlife and any other environmental activity. Village Tourism...
As an alternative to the “command-and-control” approach, increasing enthusiasm for market-based instruments (MBI) in environmental management arose in the early 80s. It was hoped that MBI, including packaging taxes, effluent taxes and charges, capital or operation subsidies, tradable permits, deposit-refund schemes, performance bonds, liability instruments, and many others, would...
Mountains are hotspots for biodiversity and of great importance to human societies. The worldwide placement of mountain areas in conservation reserves is recognition of their value. Managers have to remain vigilant to protect mountain ecosystems from future threats. One such threat is invasive, non-native plants. Invasive plants alter plant communities, affect grazing lands and homogenise the...
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