energy
Main objectives of this study were to estimate annual fuelwood demand in Community Forest Users Group (CFUG), and annual sustainable supply of the same from Community Forest (CF). Study was done each one community forest of Terai and Hills; Shanti Community Forest (SCF), Saljhandi, Rupandehi (Terai) and Barangdikol Community Forest (BCF), Madanpokhara, Palpa (Hill), in Western Development...
Raw coal is still burnt as fuel in many developing countries. These also have a lot of waste biomass, which finds limited use or used inefficiently. Besides pollution from coal and biomass combustion, they always face problems during transportation and storage because they are susceptible to moisture. Biobriquettes are composite fuel prepared from a mixture of biomass and coal in a roller...
As yet, in northern countries, there has hardly been any research on energy and the sustainable production and consumption of energy from a gender perspective . One reason for this is that gender specific effects are significantly more indirect and subtle in the North than in the South. Another reason is a general lack of gender specific data. Furthermore, gender aspects often seem to be...
During the past several years, biofuels in rich countries have come to be regarded as an important option for reducing consumption of petroleum, which is a main policy goal as a result of recent high oil prices, energy security concerns, and global climate change. The use and development of alternative sources of energy are increasingly encouraged in western countries, and private and...
Geothermal energy is the energy contained in the heated rock and fluid that fills the fractures and pores within the earth's crust. It originates from radioactive decay deep within the Earth and can exist as hot water, steam, or hot dry rocks.
The sun’s energy can be collected directly to create both high temperature steam (greater than 100oC) and low temperature heat (less than 100oC) for use in a variety of heat and power applications.
Bioenergy is derived from biomass - a term that generally refers to any plant or animal matter. Bioenergy in the form of heat or electricity can be produced by using biomass directly as a fuel or by converting it to biogas or liquid biofuels. This factsheet describes the commercial energy uses of biomass.
Semiconductors that convert solar energy directly into electricity are called photovoltaic (PV) devices or solar cells. Although there are about 30 different types of PV devices under development, there are three main technologies in commercial production – monocrystalline cells, polycrystalline cells and thin-film cells.
A wind turbine converts the energy in the wind into electrical energy or mechanical energy to pump water or grind grain.
The most common wind turbines in operation today generate power from two or three blades revolving around a horizontal axis and are mounted on towers. Such horizontal-axis wind turbines usually include a gearbox, generator, and other supporting mechanical and...
The energy in falling water can be converted into electrical energy or into mechanical energy to pump water or grind grain. The amount of energy that can be captured is a function of the vertical distance the water drops (the head) and the volume of the water. One hundred cubic metres of water falling 10 metres (a low head application) represents the same energy potential as 10 cubic metres of...
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