Working paper
The Adaptation Fund established under the Kyoto Protocol is the most innovative financial mechanism to support adaptation projects and programmes in developing countries. Its governance structure has been agreed on in the 2007 Climate Summit in Bali, and throughout 2008, the Adaptation Fund Board has been working towards the full operationalisation of the Adaptation Fund. A key challenge for...
Delivering substantially increased new and additional, adequate, predictable and sustainable financial resources will have to be a key outcome of the UNFCCC negotiation process towards an international climate change agreement to be achieved in Copenhagen by the end of 2009. Resources are required to assist developing countries in mitigating emissions (incl. REDD) and adapting (incl. insurance...
Climate change threatens to make the already difficult situation of food security in the world even worse. The Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) - based on the evaluation of many scientific studies - has made a critical assessment of the possible impacts of climate change on agriculture, livestock and fishing, particularly in the countries of the...
Adaptation has increasingly gained attention in the UNFCCC negotiations. As one of the four building blocks of the Dialogue on Long-term Cooperative Action, specific elements which foster the implementation of adaptation need to be considered in a future climate change framework, while at the same time there is the need to move forward in relevant agenda items under the UNFCCC Subsidiary...
Adaptation to climate change featured very prominently during the Bali UN climate conference in December 2007. Given the accelerating threats of climate change in particular for developing countries, immediately increased adaptation efforts are needed. Now, after agreeing the Bali Roadmap with the objective to finalise a new international climate change agreement by 2009, it is time to assess...
Adaptation has increasingly gained attention in the UNFCCC negotiations. In Poznan, adaptation-relevant issues will be discussed across several agenda items, including in the Ad-hoc Working Group on Long-term Cooperative Action (AWG-LCA), and the Subsidiary Bodies of Implementation (SBI) and Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA).
The conference in Poznan provides...
This background paper has two objectives. First, it provides an overview of trends in the magnitude, location and nature of rural poverty, with emphasis on least developed countries. There is a large body of recent work describing the trends in rural poverty across the globe. This paper selects the most relevant findings linked to the overall mandate and interests of IFAD in agricultural...
Poverty has many dimensions and each has its own causes and determinants that vary over time. At the conceptional level, there is now a much deeper understanding of the nature and causes of poverty, but in practice, the negative and positive factors that may tend to increase or decrease poverty often operate simultaneously. It is therefore difficult to predict whether a given package of...
At the turn of the millennium seven years ago, the international community made a commitment to halve the proportion of people living in extreme poverty and hunger between 1990 and 2015. Now, at the halfway point between the millennium declaration and the deadline, it is clear the world has achieved considerable progress. However, though poverty and malnutrition rates are declining, it is less...
This paper gives an overview of the overall situation of indigenous women in Asia. It highlights the fact that the discrimination to indigenous women is in all sectors and in many cases they are treated as third class citizens. It discusses the existence of matrilineal communities in some parts of the region where women used to have more control over property and productive resources, and a...
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