Working paper
User fees for health care are a life or death issue for millions of people in poor countries. Too poor to pay, women and children are paying with their lives. For those who do pay, over 100 million are pushed into poverty each year. This month will witness a global opportunity for world leaders to really make a difference to poor people by backing the expansion of free health care in a number...
Climate change is expected to have serious environmental, economic, and social impacts on South Africa. In particular, rural farmers, whose livelihoods depend on the use of natural resources, are likely to bear the brunt of adverse impacts. The extent to which these impacts are felt depends in large part on the extent of adaptation in response to climate change. This research uses a "bottom-up...
This manual provides a guide for assessing and monitoring forest degration and carbon sequestration. It gives details on data collection - selecting trainees and training, getting started with mobile GIS, training on measurement of forest stock, and main steps for carbon assessment. The guide then provides details on analysis of data - for trees, non-tree vegetation, litter and...
This working paper suggests that degradation is a form of (unsustainable) forest management and that measures to counter degradation, in particular Community Forest Management (CFM) lead not only to reduction in degradation but to forest enhancement as well. While reduced degradation is to be credited and rewarded under a Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in...
Innovation in the food and agriculture sector is frequently short-circuited by a lack of trust and communication between actors in the market chain. To overcome these problems and stimulate innovation, the Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) brings together small farmers, market agents, and service providers for an intense process of facilitated interaction. The PMCA uses a flexible...
Up to now an efficient 3-D geophysical mapping of the subsurface in mountainous environments with rough terrain has not been possible. A merging approach of several closely spaced 2-D electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys to build up a quasi-3-D model of the electrical resistivity is presented herein as a practical compromise for inferring subsurface characteristics and lithology....
Snow transport is one of the most dominant processes influencing the snow cover accumulation and ablation in high alpine mountain environments. Hence, the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover is significantly modified with respective consequences on the total amount of water in the snow pack, on the temporal dynamics of the runoff and on the energy balance of the...
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