wildlife
The international illegal trade in wildlife and wildlife products is one the major engines driving species to extinction. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which defines standards for use of wildlife and their products, represents a major global commitment to reverse this trend. It remains to be seen whether the terms of this treaty...
The Sierra de Portuguesa is an Andean mountain system with important biodiversity associated with montane vegetation types. Human use existed well before European colonisation. Coffee plantations and slash-and-burn agriculture have been predominant in the last 200 years. Three distinct national parks — Yacambú, Terepaima, and Guache — were designated there at different times...
The majority of California’s freshwater comes from the Sierra Nevada, falling in winter as a thick blanket of snow that slowly melts in spring, delivering enormous quantities of fresh, clean water to fill the state’s rivers and reservoirs in support of its cities, industry and agriculture. As the Earth’s climate warms up, more of this water will fall as rain rather than snow...
This article focuses on a PES pilot on tourism in the Jigme Singye Wangchuk National Park of Bhutan in 2006. A Village Development Fund (VDF) was set up by collecting campsite fees which was used to pay for community development and activities as alternative energy sources, compensation for damage of harvest by wildlife and any other environmental activity. Village Tourism...
Indicative of the intense interest and activity in this area of conservation biology, there has been a wealth of new material over the last decade. This includes several published conference proceedings, critical reviews, and a variety of papers reporting field studies, computer simulations and application of conceptual principles to land-use planning. There is also a rapidly growing number of...
In the Italian Alps dairy cattle are taken to mountain ranges during the summer, which can lead to overlap of areas used by cattle with areas traditionally used by wild ungulates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of dairy cattle husbandry on the utilisation by red deer (Cervus elaphus) of a summer range at an altitude of 1500–1700 m in the Central Italian Alps....
The rolling, semi-arid hills of Napa County, California, USA, are one of the most productive wine grape growing regions in the world. With the success of the winery industry in the mid-1980s, much of Napa County’s agricultural lands – which had once been dominated by grazing lands for sheep and dairy cattle – were switched over to vineyards. In transforming the landscape from...
Farming is the principal source of income for communities in the Luangwa Valley, a mixed woodland landscape dotted with smallholder farms. The main food crops are maize and sorghum, but increasingly farmers rely on cash crops such as cotton and tobacco, which leaves families less able to directly meet their own food security needs. Planting monoculture crops depletes nutrients in the soil, as...
Land-use policies are controversial throughout southern Africa, particularly Zimbabwe. Land redistribution is potentially important for supporting smallholder livelihoods and many large farms in Zimbabwe are being divided into smaller areas. At the same time wildlife ranching, which requires large areas of land, is being promoted as a way to earn foreign exchange.
The paradigm shift in park management from a fortress mentality to the participatory concept is represented as a major transformation in the conservation discourse in Nepal. The involvement of local people in the management of resources in national parks has been significantly effective in attaining the conservation goals of conserving wildlife without compromising the basic forest resource...
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