Andes

The economic behaviour of campesinos has long been a prominent issue in development debates. Models used to explain economic behaviour have generally been based on the theoretical assumptions of specific (Western) schools of thought. Consequently, economics is determined by the theory that informs a particular study without considering the meaning that campesinos impart to the...

Lauca National Park forms a unique area of puna and prepuna ecosystems in the high Altiplano of northeastern Chile. Its extensive puna steppe shrublands lying above 4,000 m and high volcanoes reaching above 6,000 m provide some of many strong justifications for its designation as a UNESCO International Biosphere Reserve in 1983. The park also contains Lago Chungará, one of the highest...
In the páramo ecological belt of the Venezuelan Andes, a long fallow agricultural system is used to produce potatoes and cereals. Total rainfall, surface runoff, soil moisture, drainage, and soil loss were measured in this system during two consecutive years on 10 plots cropped with potatoes and on two successional plots with fallow periods of 1 and 15 years. Total rainfall (1129 mm on...

Conservation of agricultural biodiversity has become an important paradigm in efforts to promote sustainable development throughout the world. This is especially the case in Andean countries, where ex situ conservation of crops has been a focus of attention since the 1970s. In Peru in the early 1990s, researchers and development specialists also focused on in situ conservation and...

Andean landscapes are rich with examples of traditional land uses that have proven sustainable over centuries, contribute to biodiversity and other natural values, and are living examples of cultural heritage. These landscapes and the diverse array of values they represent are, however, exceedingly vulnerable. As countries in the region strengthen existing national systems of...

Sometimes the most appropriate form of economic development consists of retaining native forests on steep slopes where other land uses are environmentally destructive and where economic or humanitarian considerations do not override these limitations. This is especially the case when native plant and animal species are diverse and special, as, for example, in many of the forested areas found on...
A volume examining geomorphological hazards in mountain areas would seem to be most timely, with the increased prominence given to the “Mountain Agenda” after the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992 and the ending of the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction. This volume was produced within the long-term research programme of the International Geographical Union Commission...
The Asociacion Ecosistemas Andinos (ECOAN) was founded in 2000 in Cusco, Peru, to support the sustainable use of Andean ecosystems in Peru.  The founders, local biologists from Cusco, had been working with the biodiversity associated with high-altitude woodlands since 1990. Recognising the need for effective conservation and sustainable use in the High Andes, they began a dialogue with...
The success of participatory conservation projects depends greatly on the interest shown by the local population and on the strategies used to incorporate all stakeholders from the initial stages. In the highly diverse region of the tropical Andean páramos, threats to ecosystem integrity come mainly from agriculture and cattle grazing. Approaches to biodiversity conservation have...

In the tradition of the University of California's Berkeley School under the leadership of Carl O. Sauer, the author has made, over a period of some 50 years, an outstanding contribution to the cultural geography and native "landscapes" of the tropical Andes and Amazonia. 

This book is most timely and important in an age of seemingly divergent economic trends in Latin...

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