Snow sampling and operational applications for the Snowy Mountains hydro-electric authority

Snow sampling has been undertaken by the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric Authority at snowcourse sites in the Kosciuszco National Park since the mid-1950s. Snow depth, water content and density observations are made weekly at three index sites and monthly at another eleven sites during the snow season. Snowcourse sites are spread throughout the Snowy Scheme area to encompass spatial and elevation differences. Hydrology models have been developed to assess snowmelt inflow contribution to Snowy Scheme reservoirs using observed snowcourse data and catchment conditions. Seasonal snowmelt models are used to forecast inflow volumes over spring. More emphasis has been given recently to short-term inflow forecasting. Snowy Scheme operation has to accommodate the variability in annual snowfall. Current trends indicate that the snow season starts later but inflows are not necessarily diminished. Early indications of inflow conditions permit more efficient operation in the electricity market.