Mining and Evironment in the Western Balkans

Practically all human societies depend on the availability and use of mined products. But the expansion of mining operations into environmentally sensitive and fragile areas has increased the level of environmental destruction and the impact on basic ecosystem services and biodiversity. The mining industry has been involved in some of the most widely publicized environmental disasters. Well-known examples of mining-related environmental accidents and long-term deterioration include Rio Tinto, a river in southern Spain, the colliery spoil heap failure at Aberfan, Wales, or the Baia Mare cyanide spill in Romania.

Mining and mineral processing has played a vital part in the history and economy of the Western Balkans. Richly endowed with mineral resources such as copper, chromite, lead and zinc, it boasts some of the largest deposits in Europe. Capitalizing on such mineral assets will be a priority for South Eastern Europe in order to boost local economies and attract foreign investment. To secure the environmental, economic and social sustainability of such new or restarted operations, the region will need to define and enforce a legal framework for sustainable mining practices.

Good practice, research and experience in policy making, enforcement and technical approaches are all available. Information exchange between South East European countries and international partners transferring relevant knowledge to assist local Governments in adopting suitable mechanisms and approaches has been shown to be highly valuable.